焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組是焦化行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)能源回收利用的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，主要利用生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的可燃?xì)怏w和余熱資源進(jìn)行發(fā)電，常見類型可按能源利用方式分為燃?xì)怛?qū)動(dòng)型、余熱利用型及綜合回收型，各類機(jī)組在技術(shù)特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景上各有不同。

　　Coking power generation units are key equipment for energy recovery and utilization in the coking industry. They mainly use combustible gases and waste heat resources generated during the production process to generate electricity. Common types can be divided into gas driven, waste heat utilization, and comprehensive recovery types according to energy utilization methods. Each type of unit has different technical characteristics and application scenarios.

　　燃?xì)怛?qū)動(dòng)型發(fā)電機(jī)組以焦化生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的焦?fàn)t煤氣為核心燃料。焦?fàn)t煤氣是焦炭煉制時(shí)伴隨產(chǎn)生的可燃性氣體，含有大量氫氣和甲烷，經(jīng)脫硫、脫萘等凈化處理后，可作為內(nèi)燃機(jī)或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的燃料。其工作時(shí)，凈化后的煤氣與空氣按比例混合，在燃燒室中燃燒產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力，直接驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生電能。這類機(jī)組的發(fā)電效率通常在 35% 左右，單臺(tái)功率可根據(jù)煤氣產(chǎn)量調(diào)整，從數(shù)百千瓦到數(shù)兆瓦不等。由于焦?fàn)t煤氣屬于生產(chǎn)副產(chǎn)品，用其發(fā)電能顯著降低燃料成本，同時(shí)減少直接排放帶來的污染，適合焦?fàn)t煤氣產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定的大中型焦化廠區(qū)。

　　Gas driven generator sets use coke oven gas produced in coking production as the core fuel. Coke oven gas is a combustible gas produced during coke refining, containing a large amount of hydrogen and methane. After purification treatment such as desulfurization and naphthalene removal, it can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines or gas turbines. When it works, the purified gas is mixed with air in proportion and burned in the combustion chamber to generate power, directly driving the generator to operate and produce electrical energy. The power generation efficiency of such units is usually around 35%, and the power of a single unit can be adjusted according to the gas production, ranging from several hundred kilowatts to several megawatts. Due to the fact that coke oven gas is a byproduct of production, using it for power generation can significantly reduce fuel costs and reduce pollution caused by direct emissions, making it suitable for large and medium-sized coking plants with stable coke oven gas production.

　　余熱利用型發(fā)電機(jī)組專注于回收生產(chǎn)過程中的余熱資源。焦化生產(chǎn)中，焦?fàn)t煙道氣、紅焦冷卻系統(tǒng)及荒煤氣等會(huì)釋放大量熱能，這些余熱通過余熱鍋爐轉(zhuǎn)化為高壓蒸汽，再驅(qū)動(dòng)汽輪機(jī)帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。根據(jù)余熱溫度不同，設(shè)備配置有所區(qū)別：針對(duì) 300℃以上的高溫?zé)煹罋?，多采用過熱蒸汽系統(tǒng)，發(fā)電效率可達(dá) 20%；中低溫余熱（150-300℃）則適用飽和蒸汽系統(tǒng)，雖效率稍低，但能適應(yīng)更廣泛的余熱來源。這類機(jī)組無需額外消耗燃料，運(yùn)行成本低，且能減少熱污染，常作為輔助發(fā)電設(shè)備，與燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組配合使用，提升整體能源利用率。

　　The waste heat utilization type generator set focuses on recovering waste heat resources during the production process. In coking production, a large amount of heat energy is released from coke oven flue gas, red coke cooling system, and raw coal gas. This waste heat is converted into high-pressure steam through a waste heat boiler, which then drives a steam turbine to generate electricity. According to different waste heat temperatures, equipment configurations vary: for high-temperature flue gas above 300 ℃, superheated steam systems are often used, with a power generation efficiency of up to 20%; Low to medium temperature waste heat (150-300 ℃) is suitable for saturated steam systems, although the efficiency is slightly lower, it can adapt to a wider range of waste heat sources. This type of unit does not require additional fuel consumption, has low operating costs, and can reduce thermal pollution. It is often used as an auxiliary power generation equipment in conjunction with gas generators to improve overall energy utilization efficiency.

　　綜合回收型發(fā)電機(jī)組是結(jié)合了燃?xì)獍l(fā)電和余熱利用的復(fù)合系統(tǒng)。其典型流程為：焦?fàn)t煤氣先進(jìn)入燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排出的高溫廢氣（約 500℃）被引入余熱鍋爐，產(chǎn)生的蒸汽推動(dòng)汽輪機(jī)再次發(fā)電，形成 “燃?xì)?- 蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)”。這種組合方式能將能源利用效率提升至 45% 以上，大幅高于單一機(jī)組。同時(shí)，系統(tǒng)還可回收發(fā)電過程中產(chǎn)生的余熱用于廠區(qū)供暖或生產(chǎn)用水加熱，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源梯級(jí)利用。綜合回收型機(jī)組適合對(duì)能源利用效率要求高的大型焦化企業(yè)，尤其在進(jìn)行節(jié)能改造時(shí)，能最大限度發(fā)揮能源回收潛力。

　　A comprehensive recycling generator set is a composite system that combines gas-fired power generation and waste heat utilization. The typical process is as follows: coke oven gas first enters the gas turbine for power generation, and the high-temperature exhaust gas (about 500 ℃) discharged from the gas turbine is introduced into the waste heat boiler. The generated steam drives the turbine to generate electricity again, forming a "gas steam combined cycle". This combination method can increase energy utilization efficiency to over 45%, significantly higher than a single unit. At the same time, the system can also recover the waste heat generated during the power generation process for heating the factory area or heating the production water, achieving energy cascade utilization. The comprehensive recycling unit is suitable for large coking enterprises with high energy utilization efficiency requirements, especially when carrying out energy-saving renovations, which can maximize the potential of energy recovery.

　　此外，還有針對(duì)特定場(chǎng)景的小型發(fā)電機(jī)組，如利用焦化污水處理過程中產(chǎn)生的沼氣發(fā)電的小型內(nèi)燃機(jī)機(jī)組。這類機(jī)組功率通常在幾十至兩百千瓦，可就近為污水處理設(shè)備供電，形成 “廢物 - 能源 - 生產(chǎn)” 的循環(huán)模式，適合中小型焦化廠的環(huán)保配套環(huán)節(jié)。

　　In addition, there are small generator sets designed for specific scenarios, such as small internal combustion engine units that use biogas generated during coking wastewater treatment to generate electricity. This type of unit typically has a power of tens to 200 kilowatts and can supply power to nearby sewage treatment equipment, forming a "waste energy production" cycle mode, suitable for environmental protection supporting links in small and medium-sized coking plants.

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