在焦化廠的高溫迷霧與腐蝕性氣體中，焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組如同一位歷經(jīng)淬煉的 “烈火幸存者”，其穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的奧秘藏在每一寸材料的選擇里。從能在 1300℃高溫下保持堅(jiān)韌的渦輪葉片，到抵御硫化物侵蝕的缸體涂層，這些特殊材料如同量身定制的 “鎧甲”，讓設(shè)備在嚴(yán)苛環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的高效轉(zhuǎn)化。

　　In the high-temperature mist and corrosive gases of the coking plant, the coking power generation unit is like a tempered "survivor of a raging fire", and the mystery of its stable operation lies in the selection of every inch of material. From turbine blades that can maintain toughness at high temperatures of 1300 ℃ to cylinder body coatings that resist sulfide corrosion, these special materials are like tailor-made "armor", enabling equipment to achieve efficient energy conversion in harsh environments.

　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的核心骨架需要?jiǎng)側(cè)岵?jì)的材料支撐。缸體多采用高強(qiáng)度球墨鑄鐵（如 QT500-7），這種材料通過特殊工藝讓石墨呈球狀分布，抗拉強(qiáng)度超過 500MPa，能承受燃燒室爆發(fā)時(shí) 15-20MPa 的高壓沖擊而不產(chǎn)生裂紋?；钊麆t選用密度僅為鑄鐵一半的硅鋁合金（如 A356），表面鍍上 50-80μm 的硬鉻層，既減輕了 30% 的運(yùn)動(dòng)慣性，又將耐磨性能提升至普通鑄鐵的 2 倍。連接活塞與曲軸的連桿，采用 42CrMo 合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)處理后屈服強(qiáng)度高達(dá) 930MPa，在 3000rpm 的高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中依然保持剛性，避免因形變導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)力損耗。

　　The core skeleton of the engine requires a combination of rigid and flexible materials for support. The cylinder body is often made of high-strength ductile iron (such as QT500-7), which uses special processes to distribute graphite in a spherical shape. Its tensile strength exceeds 500MPa and can withstand high-pressure impacts of 15-20MPa during combustion chamber explosions without cracking. The piston is made of silicon aluminum alloy (such as A356) with a density only half that of cast iron, and coated with a hard chromium layer of 50-80 μ m on the surface, which reduces 30% of the motion inertia and improves the wear resistance to twice that of ordinary cast iron. The connecting rod connecting the piston and crankshaft is made of 42CrMo alloy structural steel, which has undergone quenching and tempering treatment and has a yield strength of up to 930 MPa. It still maintains rigidity during high-speed operation at 3000 rpm, avoiding power loss caused by deformation.

　　面對(duì)燃燒室內(nèi) 1100-1300℃的極端高溫，關(guān)鍵部件必須是 “耐熱先鋒”。渦輪增壓器的葉輪采用鎳基高溫合金（如 Inconel 718），這種在 650℃時(shí)仍能保持 650MPa 屈服強(qiáng)度的材料，表面還噴涂了 0.3mm 厚的陶瓷隔熱層，將葉輪實(shí)際工作溫度降低 100℃以上，有效延緩高溫蠕變。排氣歧管用離心鑄造的奧氏體不銹鋼（310S）制成，25% 的鉻和 20% 的鎳賦予其卓越的抗氧化能力，在 1200℃環(huán)境下連續(xù)工作 10000 小時(shí)仍無明顯銹蝕。燃燒室的氣門座圈則采用粉末冶金鐵基合金，含 15% 鉻和 5% 鉬的成分使其在高溫燃?xì)鉀_刷下，抗腐蝕能力比普通鋼材提升 3 倍。

　　Faced with the extreme high temperature of 1100-1300 ℃ in the combustion chamber, the key components must be the "heat-resistant pioneers". The impeller of the turbocharger is made of nickel based high-temperature alloy (such as Inconel 718), which can maintain a yield strength of 650MPa at 650 ℃. The surface is also coated with a 0.3mm thick ceramic insulation layer, reducing the actual working temperature of the impeller by more than 100 ℃ and effectively delaying high-temperature creep. The exhaust manifold is made of centrifugally cast austenitic stainless steel (310S), which is endowed with excellent oxidation resistance by 25% chromium and 20% nickel. It can work continuously for 10000 hours at 1200 ℃ without significant corrosion. The valve seat ring of the combustion chamber is made of powder metallurgy iron-based alloy, containing 15% chromium and 5% molybdenum, which increases its corrosion resistance by three times compared to ordinary steel under high-temperature gas erosion.

　　焦化煤氣中的硫化氫（500-5000ppm）是最嚴(yán)峻的腐蝕挑戰(zhàn)，設(shè)備的 “抗硫防線” 由多層材料構(gòu)筑。氣缸套內(nèi)壁通過等離子噴涂技術(shù)覆蓋一層 Al?O?+TiO?陶瓷層，0.2mm 的厚度中分布著 15% 的孔隙，既能儲(chǔ)存潤滑油減少摩擦，又像一層無形的盾牌隔絕酸性氣體，使缸套磨損率從 0.1mm / 千小時(shí)降至 0.03mm / 千小時(shí)。接觸煤氣的管道和閥門選用雙相不銹鋼（2205），其獨(dú)特的鐵素體與奧氏體雙相組織，在含氯離子的環(huán)境中抗點(diǎn)蝕能力比 316L 不銹鋼強(qiáng) 2 倍，使用壽命可達(dá) 20 年以上。氣門油封采用氟橡膠（FKM），耐溫范圍達(dá) - 20℃~200℃，對(duì)煤氣中的苯類物質(zhì)滲透率比普通橡膠低 60%，配合碳化硅 + 石墨的機(jī)械密封摩擦副，將軸封處泄漏量控制在 5ml/h 以內(nèi)。

　　The hydrogen sulfide (500-5000ppm) in coking gas is the most severe corrosion challenge, and the equipment's "sulfur defense line" is constructed with multiple layers of materials. The inner wall of the cylinder liner is covered with a layer of Al? O? By plasma spraying technology? +TiO? The ceramic layer with a thickness of 0.2mm contains 15% pores, which can store lubricating oil to reduce friction and act as an invisible shield to isolate acidic gases, reducing the wear rate of the cylinder liner from 0.1mm/kWh to 0.03mm/kWh. The pipelines and valves that come into contact with gas are made of duplex stainless steel (2205), which has a unique dual phase structure of ferrite and austenite. Its resistance to pitting corrosion in environments containing chloride ions is twice as strong as 316L stainless steel, and its service life can reach more than 20 years. The valve oil seal adopts fluororubber (FKM) with a temperature resistance range of -20 ℃~200 ℃. Its permeability to benzene substances in gas is 60% lower than that of ordinary rubber. Combined with a mechanical seal friction pair of silicon carbide and graphite, the leakage rate at the shaft seal is controlled within 5ml/h.

　　電氣與潤滑系統(tǒng)的材料選擇同樣講究 “細(xì)節(jié)致勝”。發(fā)電機(jī)定子繞組使用 F 級(jí)絕緣材料，由 Nomex 紙與環(huán)氧樹脂復(fù)合而成，耐溫 155℃的同時(shí)具備優(yōu)異的絕緣性能，繞組端部用拉伸強(qiáng)度超 1500MPa 的玻璃纖維綁扎帶固定，防止高速振動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的匝間短路。軸承潤滑采用添加 3% 二硫化鉬的鋰基潤滑脂，滴點(diǎn)高達(dá) 180℃，在 120℃的高溫環(huán)境中仍能保持穩(wěn)定的油膜，使軸承壽命超過 20000 小時(shí)。

　　The selection of materials for electrical and lubrication systems also emphasizes "details win". The stator winding of the generator is made of F-grade insulation material, which is composite of Nomex paper and epoxy resin. It has excellent insulation performance while withstanding a temperature of 155 ℃. The winding ends are fixed with glass fiber strapping with a tensile strength of over 1500MPa to prevent turn to turn short circuits caused by high-speed vibration. The bearing lubrication adopts lithium based grease with 3% molybdenum disulfide added, with a drop point of up to 180 ℃. It can maintain a stable oil film in a high temperature environment of 120 ℃, making the bearing life exceed 20000 hours.

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